The Operating Room Global Journal (TORGJ)

Glycaemic Control and its Impact on Early Post-Operative Outcomes in Patients undergoing Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.64573/torgj2507001

Author: Asjed Sanaullah^1*, Adnan Haider^2*, Fatima Jaweria^1*, Irfan Azmatullah Khwaja², Muhammad Wajid Munir³, Mutahira Naveed², Tariq Saeed^2
1 Ibadat International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
² King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan.
³ Ch. Parvaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology Wazirabad, Pakistan.

Cite:

• APA (7th edition): Sanaullah, A., Haider, A., Jaweria, F., Khwaja, I. A., Munir, M. W., Naveed, M., & Saeed, T. (2025). Glycaemic control and its impact on early post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery. The Operating Room Global Journal (TORGJ), 1(1). https://doi.org/10.64573/torgj2507001
• Harvard: Sanaullah, A., Haider, A., Jaweria, F., Khwaja, I.A., Munir, M.W., Naveed, M. and Saeed, T., 2025. Glycaemic control and its impact on early post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery. The Operating Room Global Journal (TORGJ), 1(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.64573/torgj2507001
• Vancouver: Sanaullah A, Haider A, Jaweria F, Khwaja IA, Munir MW, Naveed M, Saeed T. Glycaemic control and its impact on early post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery. The Operating Room Global Journal (TORGJ). 2025;1(1). https://doi.org/10.64573/torgj2507001
• MLA (9th edition): Sanaullah, Asjed, et al. “Glycaemic Control and Its Impact on Early Post-Operative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery.” The Operating Room Global Journal (TORGJ), vol. 1, no. 1, 2025, https://doi.org/10.64573/torgj2507001
• Chicago (Author–Date): Sanaullah, Asjed, Adnan Haider, Fatima Jaweria, Irfan Azmatullah Khwaja, Muhammad Wajid Munir, Mutahira Naveed, and Tariq Saeed. 2025. “Glycaemic Control and Its Impact on Early Post-Operative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery.” The Operating Room Global Journal (TORGJ) 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.64573/torgj2507001

Corresponding Authors:
Asjed Sanaullah,
[email protected]
Adnan Haider,
[email protected]
Fatima Jaweria,
[email protected]
Declaration:
Authors’ Contribution: All authors equally contributed to the study and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict of Interest:
No conflict of interest
Funding: No funding received by the authors.

Article History:

Received: 09-07-2025 Accepted: 14-08-2025

Available Online : 19-08-2025

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ABSTRACT

Background: Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) offers benefits such as reduced surgical trauma and faster recovery. However, intraoperative hyperglycaemia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a concern due to its association with adverse outcomes. While glycemic control has been studied in conventional cardiac procedures, limited data exist on its impact in MICS. Objective: To assess whether intraoperative blood glucose levels influence early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing MICS. Methodology: A retrospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital was conducted over 8.5 months. 40 patients undergoing elective MICS were divided into two groups based on intraoperative blood glucose levels: Group A (≤200 mg/dL, n=15) and Group B (≥201 mg/dL, n=25). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected, including neurocognitive outcomes (Mini-Mental State Examination), duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and need for inotropic support. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26.0 with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable, except for higher creatinine clearance in the hyperglycaemic group. No significant differences were found in neurocognitive function or mechanical ventilation time between groups. However, a trend toward longer ICU stays was observed in Group B (p=0.082), and cooling temperatures during CPB were significantly higher in this group (p=0.046). One mortality occurred in the hyperglycaemic group. Conclusion: Although not all findings reached statistical significance, intraoperative hyperglycaemia in MICS was associated with increased ICU stay and cooling intervention requirements. These findings suggest a potential role for improved intraoperative glucose management to support better recovery and resource efficiency in MICS. Larger, prospective studies are recommended. KEYWORDS: Glycemic Control, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Hyperglycaemia, Postoperative Outcomes, Neurocognitive Function, ICU Stay.

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